Data availability statement

• Identify the trusted repository, persistent identifier and access conditions for deposited data, code or other research objects.
• If data are available on reasonable request, identify the responsible contact and explain any legitimate conditions.
• If sharing is restricted, state the ethical, legal, privacy, contractual, security or conservation reason and describe any controlled-access procedure.
• If no new data were generated or analysed, state this explicitly.

Repositories and supplementary files

• Use an appropriate trusted disciplinary, institutional or general repository where one is available.
• Provide persistent identifiers, file descriptions, licences and version information where practicable.
• Sequence, structure and similar discipline-specific data should be deposited in recognised repositories when community standards require it.
• Supplementary files must be complete, legible, relevant and free from information that cannot lawfully be published.

Reproducibility

• Methods, software, code versions, statistical procedures and analytical parameters should be described sufficiently to support evaluation and reuse.
• Authors should report study protocols or registrations when required by the study design or applicable standards.
• Data and code should correspond to the version used for the published analysis.

Restrictions and participant protection

Open sharing is not required when it would violate consent, privacy, confidentiality, law, legitimate commercial obligations, national security, biodiversity protection or other binding restrictions. Data must not be de-identified or shared in a manner that creates an unreasonable risk of re-identification or harm.

Research records and verification

Authors must retain original research records for an appropriate period under applicable institutional, funder and legal requirements. Editors may request relevant records for peer review or integrity assessment. Inability or refusal to provide necessary evidence may affect editorial decisions or lead to post-publication action.